Chemical & Physical Properties

Methamphetamine (N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine) has a molecular formula of C₁₀H₁₅N and a molecular weight of 149.23 g/mol. Illicit forms include powder (“speed”), crystalline (“ice” or “crystal”), and liquid. The drug has a half-life of approximately 10-12 hours, with effects lasting 4-12+ hours depending on route of administration.

Mechanism of Action

Methamphetamine acts primarily by causing the massive release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and to a lesser extent, serotonin, while also blocking their reuptake. This results in intense euphoria, increased energy and alertness, suppressed appetite, and elevated heart rate and blood pressure. The profound dopamine surge is responsible for its high addiction potential.

Legal Status

Health Risks

Public Health Impact (US Data)

Overdose Signs & Emergency Response

• Hyperthermia (>104°F/40°C): Cool with ice packs, wet cloths, fans; call 911
• Seizures: Move objects away, do not restrain, call 911
• Chest Pain / Difficulty Breathing: Call 911 immediately
• Loss of Consciousness: Call 911, recovery position
• Agitation / Psychosis: Stay calm, reduce stimuli, call 911 if dangerous

Treatment & Support Resources

Harm Reduction

• Do not use alone: Someone can call for help if overdose occurs
• Carry naloxone: Meth is frequently contaminated with fentanyl
• Avoid injection: Reduces risk of HIV/Hepatitis, infection, overdose
• Use clean equipment: Never share needles, pipes, straws
• Stay hydrated: But avoid overhydration (electrolyte imbalance)
• Seek help for psychosis: If paranoid or hallucinating, get medical evaluation

Key Takeaway

Methamphetamine is a dangerous, illegal substance with severe health consequences and high addiction potential. Recovery is possible through evidence-based treatment including cognitive-behavioral therapy and contingency management. If you or someone you know is struggling, call 1-800-662-4357 (SAMHSA) for help.

Note: This information is for educational and harm reduction purposes only. Methamphetamine is a Schedule II/Class A controlled substance. Illicit use is illegal and dangerous. Nothing here is medical advice or an endorsement of use. If you or someone you know is experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 immediately.